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Effect of Soils on the Establishment of Tree Crops¹

ABSTRACT

The importance of soil factors to the establishment of tree crops is well recognized by forest soil scientists and foresters. It has, however, been overlooked by far too many foresters responsible for major forestation projects.

The soil factors found to be significant in the establishment of both planted stock and seedlings from natural or artificial seedfall are: texture and structure characteristics of the soil profile as they affect moisture and aeration; depth to the ground water table; content of soil organic matter; chemical properties, including soil fertility and the occurrence of layers high in soluble salts and toxic substances.

The importance of producing nutritionally balanced or physiologically balanced planting stock has been recognized, and more attention is being paid to nursery soil management practices in an effort to improve the survival qualities of seedlings. The importance of mycorrhizal fungi as related to seedling survival has also been well established.

These relationships are well recognized in the east where foresters have been at grips with the problems for some time. In the west, foresters are just beginning to see the significance of soil factors; the specific soil-site relationships affecting the survival and growth of a tree crop need to be established for western conditions.

¹ Approved for publication as Special Paper No. 2 by the Director of the Oregon Agr. Exp. Sta., Corvallis, Oreg. Contribution from the Department of Soils. Presented before Division V-A, Soil Science Society of America, Dallas, Texas, Nov. 19, 1953.

² Associate Professor of Soils, Oregon State College. The writer wishes to thank S. A. Wilde, F. S. Baker, D. P. White, E. Wright, A. E. Wieslander, R. C. Austin, E. C. Steinbrenner and R F. Tarrant for furnishing information with regard to current research projects and offering suggestions concerning further research needs.

Received for publication October 12, 1954.