Fig. 2. Pareto optimal solutions (solid circles) of the three-dimensional Pareto trade-off space as determined by the (a–c) NSGA-II algorithm, (d–f) MOSCEM-UA, and (g–i) AMALGAM: (a, d, g) F₁–F₂ plane, (b, e, h) F₁–F₃ plane, and (c, f, i) F₂–F₃ plane of the objective space. The compromise solutions are separately indicated in each panel by the + symbol.