Fig. 4. (a) Soil water content and (b) TDR impedance values measured at the 10-cm depth of Column 3 during the transient J_w calibration. Three calibrating solutions of Cl^– were used, 1.1 g L^–1 (diamonds), 1.5 g L^–1 (squares), and 1.9 g L^–1 (triangles).